No matter what color your skin is or where they were born. No matter if you’re rich, poor, young, old, sick, healthy, or unique. Everyone has an inherent set of instinctive behaviors. Some of the behaviors include a set of reflections. Scientists continue to examine the effects of these instincts and develop hypotheses about their function. Many of the instincts remain an evolutionary mystery. For this article I have focused on reflexes in adults and left out the common primitive reflexes.
Shows a primitive reflex normal human infants and adults do not neurologically intact. Some examples are the palmar grasp reflex, which is the tendency of infants to close their hands around everything that touches the palm of your hand. The swimming reflex occurs if a child is placed in water. In response, start rowing and shooting. Until the age of four months, a baby turn his head toward anything that strokes their cheek or mouth. This is called the rooting reflex and is used to help with breastfeeding.
Post-micturition convulsion syndrome (tremors urine) is a human phenomenon in which a person feels a tingling running down his spine after urinating. The event can produce a brief contraction. It is a form of myoclonus, which is the involuntary contraction of a muscle. The condition is common in humans and is commonly seen in people who fall asleep. Pee shivers are very mysterious and not understood by the medical community. There is currently no explanation for the phenomenon agree, but men are reported worldwide. Not all men experience tremors urine and only a small percentage of women who have described the case.
Scientists have speculated that the phenomenon could be related to the fact that people experience a drop in blood pressure after urinating. Others have suggested that there may be a reaction to the loss of several ounces of hot liquid. Most intellectuals about the parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic system is responsible for stimulating activities that occur when the body is at rest, sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation (tears), urination, digestion and defecation. However, the explanation ignores the fact that the phenomenon only experienced in a percentage of the population. Comedian George Carlin addressed the theme “pee shivers go back to the days of pre-civilization when men had not learned to make their own trembling.”
Done of interest: Pee shivers should not be confused with micturition syncope, a feeling of weakness following urination. During the phenomenon of people become pale, nauseated and sweaty before losing consciousness. Micturition syncope is responsible for 2.4 to 8.4 percent of all adults fainting. In many cases occur after the individual has been sleeping for a long period of time. Some people have reported dizziness and loss of balance while urinating at night, but not a total loss of consciousness.
9. Film prisoner
Film prisoner is a phenomenon reported by people kept in total darkness, especially prisoners held in dark cells for a long period of time. The feeling has been reported by truck drivers, pilots and intense meditation practitioners. The astronauts also experienced a similar situation in space. The light show usually includes a variety of colors and looks like total darkness. The lights are said to have a succinct way, which is difficult to describe. The lights are often transformed into human form. Scientists believe that film is the result of phosphenes in combination with the psychological effects of prolonged exposure to darkness.
Phosphene is a phenomenon characterized by the experience of seeing light without light actually entering the eye. In 1970, a scientist named Oster hypothesis in Scientific American that film the prisoner may be the cause of some “ghost” sightings. Others have noted a relationship between light and Neolithic cave paintings. Legend has it that the Greek philosopher Pythagoras retreated to the pitch black caves in order to receive wisdom through visions.
Done of interest: The Ganzfeld effect is a similar phenomenon has been reported for hundreds of years. Occurs when a person experiences a sudden loss of vision or hallucinations after looking at a uniform field of color, not only in black. Arctic explorers who saw nothing but white as snow for a long period of time also reported hallucinations and an altered state of mind. The Ganzfeld effect is the result of amplification of brain neural noise to find the missing visual signals. Many feel that is similar to the dream of production due to brain state of sensory deprivation during sleep.
is the act of touching a part of the body to induce contractions involuntary laughter. Gargalesis are Knismesis and scientific terms used to describe the two types of tickling. In 1897, the terms were coined by psychologists G. Stanley Hall and Arthur Allin. In a general sense, is the light knismesis, feathers, tickling the type that leads to laughter in humans. This type of tickle is often accompanied by a stinging sensation. Knismesis requires a low level of stimulation and can be triggered by a touch or electrical current. Knismesis can also be caused by insects that crawl, he will ask the individual to scratch the area.
Gargalesis is a different kind of tickling. It refers to the more difficult, laughter-induced response. Gargalesis is the repeated application of high pressure to sensitive areas of the body. This type of tickle is often associated with play and laughter, but can be considered very unpleasant and even torture if used without rest. The type of tingling gargalesis works in humans and primates. It has been postulated that the difference between the two sensations are produced by separate chopping and touch sensors in the body. The strangest of the two types of tickling is that people can trigger knismesis in his own body, but not gargalesis. The inability of humans to self-tickle is difficult to understand.
Done of interest: tonic immobility is a natural state of paralysis in animals. Some sharks can be put in a tonic state of paralysis for an average of fifteen minutes. This is accomplished by placing hands on the sides of the muzzle of the animal and stroking (applying knismesis). In 1997, around the Farallon Islands off the coast of California, a female orca was seen to induce tonic immobility purpose of a great white shark. The whale shark held upside down and kept him immobilized for about fifteen minutes until suffocated. The case was registered the first eyewitness account of predation on a great white shark in a species other than humans.
7. Blushing is the involuntary reddening of the face due to embarrassment or emotional distress of a person. Many cultures have associated with being in love or certain romantic situations. Flushing is in relation to washing. However, the washing is more intense redness of the skin and spreads throughout the body. Almost any situation can cause severe flushing. It usually takes about one or two minutes for the redness disappears. Severe blushing can make people self-conscious and have been known to make it difficult to feel comfortable in certain situations. A collection of studies have determined that the blush is the result of an overactive sympathetic nervous system.
During the flushing, the person of the sympathetic nervous system causes blood vessels to open, flooding the skin with blood, resulting in a reddening of the face. In some people, ears, neck and upper chest may also blush. The reaction also causes the person’s face to feel hot. Different psychological mechanisms have been hypothesized blush. In 2010, Crozier ran an article suggesting that he was blushing a visible rise to the basic fight / flight mechanism in humans. Charles Darwin was intrigued by the blush and called it “the most peculiar and human of all expressions.”
Done of interest: alcohol reaction color, is a condition in which an individual face and experience a reddening of the body as a result of consuming alcohol. Washing was created by the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body. Acetaldehyde is made by the oxidation of ethanol and is believed to be the cause of the hangover.
6. Orgasms.
In human sexuality, the refractory period is the recovery phase after orgasm during which it is impossible to achieve additional orgasms. Most men are unable to achieve or maintain an erection during this time. The penis may also be hypersensitive and stimulation can be uncomfortable or painful. The effect has been linked to the hormone oxytocin and prolactin proteins. The duration of the refractory period varies between species, ranging from a couple of minutes to days. In contrast to men, most women do not experience a refractory period immediately after orgasm. However, some women have reported the phenomenon. According to studies, 20 years old, has a refractory period of about 15 minutes, while the 70 years to have about 20 hours.
Interesting fact: Sex can sometimes lead to a feeling of melancholy in humans called post-coital tristesse (PCT). The feeling is more common in men than in women and was described by the philosopher Baruch Spinoza in 1677. English comedian Russell Brand described the phenomenon: “It’s like, Oh, my God, what have I done? A feeling of profound existential angst, a sense of loss, and the feeling that somehow I left my mother down . “Another phenomenon of a sexual nature is the inability of men to control their urge to urinate after intercourse. This fact was highlighted in the film Jim Carrey Me, Myself & Irene.
A chill is a sensation of tingling in the body with a feeling of cold, Sometimes a shaking or tremors. Unlike body shaking or chills, chills are not caused by temperature, menopause, anxiety, or the disease but are triggered by emotion. Chills occur when someone is deeply affected by music, video, audio, or memory. Create bumps in the body. A similar feeling is chilling chills. The hair-raising occurs when someone is frightened by an event or have a strong emotional reaction. The feeling can be spontaneous, but can also be felt seconds before it happens, like a yawn or sneeze. The feeling can also cause goose bumps and chills. Some people have reported being able to recreate the feel creepy and without fear.
Done of interest: Goose bumps appear on the skin of a person when it is cold or experiencing a strong emotional reaction such as fear, nostalgia, pleasure, excitement, awe, admiration, or sexual . The bumps are created when tiny muscles at the base of each hair contract and pull the hair erect. In animals covered with hair or hair, erect hairs trap air and create an insulating layer. The bumps may also appear as a response to anger or fear. The erect hairs the animal appear larger, in order to intimidate enemies.
4. Emotional contagion is the tendency of humans to feel the emotions of the people around them. That seems to be involved with mass psychology and related to the contagion effect. The effect of drag is a well documented groupthink. It is said that human behavior is spread among people in a way similar to the fashions and trends. As more people come to believe in something, others “bandwagon.” The idea of emotional contagion is clearly evident in human children. For example, if a parent is sad, the child often will notice and react with crying.
Emotional contagion covers a wide range of human emotions, including energy, strategy, invincibility, and domain. The ability to transfer moods of human beings is innate. This is a powerful and fact behind some religions of the world, dictators, and the history of the war. As expected, the transfer of emotions between humans has been studied in a number of different situations and contexts. Unlike cognitive contagion, emotional contagion is less conscious and more automatic. It is based primarily on nonverbal communication, although it has been shown to occur via telecommunications.
Done of interest: Folie à deux is a psychiatric syndrome in which delusional beliefs are transmitted from one individual to another. The disorder was first conceptualized in France during the 19th century. It relates to the Stockholm syndrome, a phenomenon that occurs when a hostage express empathy for their attackers. One of the most horrendous of folie à deux is Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.
3. A yawn is a natural human reflex. It is the inhalation of air that extends from the eardrums, and is followed by an exhalation of great encouragement. The yawning is associated with fatigue, stress, lack of stimulation and boredom. One of the strangest human functions. Yawning is contagious and is activated to see others yawning, hear a yawn, or on the phone with someone who is yawning. A number of theories have been proposed that attempt to explain why animals yawn, but nothing has been justified. One theory is that yawning occurs when a person’s blood contains a higher amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen requirements. However, other studies show that yawning reduces the intake of oxygen.
Another theory is that yawning is the shape of a person to control brain temperature. It has been suggested that a yawn can reduce or increase blood pressure in the brain. This theory has been supported by the fact that people have a desire to yawn at the same time make a drastic change in elevation. Another reason speculated for yawning is a desire to stretch the muscles of one. Contagious yawning may be a way to keep a group of alert animals. It may be a instinctive reaction of a member of the herd to the next, reminding everyone to stay alert. Anecdotal evidence suggests that yawning helps increase alertness.
Done interesting: it is possible that yawning is a territorial reflection, a process that aims to make the body look bigger arms stretching and opening her mouth. When animals are witnesses to yawn, the human reaction is to become aware of the teeth of the creature and combat potential.
2. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
Have you ever wondered how human beings are capable of moving the head from left to right and still focus on visual images? The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a reflection of human movement that stabilizes images on the retina. This is achieved by producing a rapid eye movement in the opposite direction of head movement. For example, when the human head moves to the right, the eyes move to the left, and vice versa. The VOR is vital because people are constantly making small head movements. Individuals who have a general deterioration VOR can not read because the movements of the head small spot in the image.
The VOR operates in total darkness and when the eyes are closed. Reflection is one of the fastest in the human body. It has been estimated that eye movements lag the head movements by less than 10 milliseconds. Today, the VOR can be tested by doctors caloric reflex test, which involves injecting cold water, hot water or air in the ear. When water is injected into the ear, the VOR is automatically activated. A healthy cerebellum is also essential for the VOR to ensure the exact movements of the eye. People who suffer brain damage in the cerebellum often complicated visual comprehension problems.
Done of interest: Have you ever wondered why you should not drink and drive? Ethanol (alcohol) consumption can disrupt the VOR, which reduces their ability to see. The more intoxicated becomes blurred his vision.
Mammalian dive reflex allows people to stay underwater for long periods of time. It is exhibited strongly in aquatic mammals, but also in humans. The dive reflex is specifically activated when the cool water contacts the face. The water is warmer than 21 ° C (70 ° F) does not cause glare, and neither does submersion of body parts other than the face. As soon as your face hits the cold water, the dive reflex is activated in an attempt to maximize the production of oxygen. The heart rate slows down by 10-25% human and constricts blood flow to the extremities. At extreme depths, the body intentionally allows fluid to fill the lungs and chest cavity to prevent organs from being crushed by pressure.
Mammalian dive reflex increases the chances of survival during accidental immersion. Helps prevent drowning in humans and also works when the person is unconscious before entering the water. Because of reflections, a person can survive long periods without oxygen in cold water than on land or in hot water. Another interesting fact is that the dive reflex decreases with adulthood. Children are more likely to survive long periods in cold water. The reflex is particularly strong in seals, otters and dolphins are mammals that spend much time in the water. It is not yet clear whether the dive reflex occurs in extremely cold weather out of the water.
Interesting fact: The mammalian diving reflex has led some to examine the aquatic ape hypothesis, which says that the common ancestors of modern humans spent time adjusting to life underwater. The hypothesis is based on the differences between humans and other great apes, and the similarities between humans and other mammals. The theory uses many human functions to support the claims, including hair loss, the location of hair, subcutaneous fat in infants, the larynx descends, the nose, hooded, voluntary breath control, the layer of wax on the newborns, and the mammalian diving reflex.